Ntọala ntọala na ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke modul igwefoto

Ntọala ntọala nke modul igwefoto

I. Ọdịdị igwefoto na ụkpụrụ ọrụ

A na-agbapụ ihe nkiri ahụ site na oghere ahụ, a na-atụba ihe oyiyi anya emepụtara na ihe mmetụta ahụ, mgbe ahụ, a na-atụgharị ihe oyiyi anya ka ọ bụrụ akara ọkụ eletrik, nke a na-atụgharị na mgbaàmà dijitalụ site na ntụgharị analog-na-dijitalụ.A na-ahazi akara ngosi dijitalụ site na DSP wee ziga ya na kọmpụta maka nhazi, ma mesịa gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ihe oyiyi nke a na-ahụ na ihuenyo ekwentị.

Ọrụ nke nhazi mgbaama dijitalụ (DSP): kwalite akara ngosi ihe onyonyo dijitalụ site na usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ma bufee akara ndị edoziri na PC na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ site na USB na oghere ndị ọzọ.Eke nhazi DSP:
1, ISP (ihe nhazi ihe onyonyo)
1. ISP (ihe nhazi ihe onyonyo)
2, JPEG koodu
2. JPEG koodu
3. USB ngwaọrụ njikwa
3. USB ngwaọrụ njikwa

Enwere ụdị sensọ igwefoto nkịtị abụọ,

Otu bụ CCD (Chagre Couled Device) sensọ, ya bụ, chaja jikọtara ngwaọrụ.
Nke ọzọ bụ CMOS (Semiconductor Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) ihe mmetụta, ya bụ, semiconductor metal oxide na-akwado.
Uru nke CCD na-adabere n'ịdị mma eserese dị mma, ma usoro mmepụta ihe dị mgbagwoju anya, ọnụ ahịa dị elu, na ike oriri dị elu.N'otu mkpebi ahụ, CMOS dị ọnụ ala karịa CCD, mana ogo onyonyo dị ala karịa CCD.Tụnyere CCD, ihe mmetụta onyonyo CMOS nwere obere ike oriri.Na mgbakwunye, na ọganihu nke teknụzụ usoro, a na-emeziwanye ihe oyiyi oyiyi nke CMOS.Ya mere, igwefoto ekwentị mkpanaaka dị ugbu a na ahịa niile na-eji sensọ CMOS.

Ọdịdị dị mfe nke igwefoto ekwentị mkpanaaka
Lens: kpokọta ọkụ wee mee ka ọnọdụ ahụ dị n'elu ihe onyonyo onyonyo.
Ihe mmetụta onyonyo: ihe onyonyo onyonyo, nke na-atụgharị onyonyo (mgbama ọkụ) nke oghere lens tụpụtara n'elu ka ọ bụrụ mgbama ọkụ.
moto: na-eme ngagharị nke oghere, nke mere na oghere na-arụpụta onyonyo doro anya n'elu igwe onyonyo.
Ihe nzacha agba: Ebe a na-ahụ anya mmadụ dị na igwe ọkụ a na-ahụ anya, ihe mmetụta ihe oyiyi nwere ike ịmata eriri ọkụ karịa anya mmadụ.Ya mere, a na-agbakwunye ihe nzacha agba iji kpochaa eriri ọkụ karịrị akarị, ka ihe mmetụta onyonyo wee weghara ihe nkiri n'ezie nke anya hụrụ.
Chip mbanye moto: eji ejikwa mmegharị nke moto wee kwọọ oghere iji nweta autofocus.
Mkpụrụ osisi sekit: Nyefee mgbama eletrik nke ihe mmetụta onyonyo na nsọtụ azụ.
II.Paragraf ndị emetụtara na aha
1. Ụdị ihe oyiyi nkịtị
1.1 RGB usoro:
Ụdị uhie, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na acha anụnụ anụnụ, dị ka RGB565 na RGB888;usoro data nke 16-bit bụ 5-bit R + 6-bit G + 5-bit B. G nwere otu ihe ọzọ n'ihi na anya mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta maka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.
1.2 YUV usoro:
Ụdị Luma (Y) + chroma (UV).YUV na-ezo aka n'ụdị pixel nke egosipụtara paramita luminance na parameter chrominance iche iche.Uru nke nkewa a bụ na ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-ezere nnyonye anya ibe ya, kamakwa ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nlele chroma na-enweghị emetụta àgwà oyiyi ahụ nke ukwuu.YUV bụ okwu izugbe karịa.Maka nhazi ya akọwapụtara, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ụdị dị iche iche.
Chroma (UV) na-akọwa akụkụ abụọ nke agba: hue na saturation, nke CB na CR na-anọchi anya ya n'otu n'otu.N'ime ha, Cr na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti akụkụ uhie nke akara ntinye RGB na uru nchapụta nke akara RGB, ebe Cb na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti akụkụ anụnụ anụnụ nke akara ntinye RGB na uru nchapụta nke RGB.
Ụdị ihe atụ ndị bụ́ isi bụ YCbCr 4:2:0, YCbCr 4:2:2, YCbCr 4:1:1 na YCbCr 4:4:4.
1.3 RAW usoro data:
Onyonyo RAW bụ data adịchaghị nke CMOS ma ọ bụ ihe mmetụta onyonyo CCD na-atụgharị akara mgbama ọkụ ewepụtara ka ọ bụrụ akara dijitalụ.Faịlụ RAW bụ faịlụ na-edekọ ozi izizi nke ihe mmetụta igwefoto dijitalụ yana ụfọdụ metadata (dịka ntọala ISO, ọsọ nkpuchi, uru oghere, nguzo ọcha, wdg) nke igwefoto mepụtara.RAW bụ usoro anaghị arụ ọrụ na nke enweghị mgbako yana enwere ike chepụta ya dị ka "data ihe oyiyi raw" ma ọ bụ nke a na-akpọ nke ọma "dijitalụ ọjọọ".pixel ọ bụla nke ihe mmetụta kwekọrọ na nzacha agba, a na-ekesa ihe nzacha dịka ụkpụrụ Bayer si dị.A na-ewepụta data nke pixel ọ bụla ozugbo, ya bụ data RAW RGB
Data Raw (Raw RGB) na-aghọ RGB ka agbakọchara agba.

Ọmụmaatụ usoro RAW
2. Ihe ngosi teknụzụ metụtara
2.1 Mkpebi onyonyo:
SXGA (1280 x1024), 1.3 megapixels
XGA (1024 x768), 0.8 megapixels
SVGA (800 x600), 0.5 megapixels
VGA (640x480), 0.3 megapixels (0.35 megapixels na-ezo aka 648X488)
CIF (352x288), 0.1 megapixels
SIF/QVGA (320x240)
QCIF (176x144)
QSIF/QQVGA (160x120)
2.2 Agba omimi (ọnụọgụ ibe agba):
256 agba ntụ ntụ, 256 ụdị isi awọ (gụnyere oji na ọcha).
15 ma ọ bụ 16-bit agba (akwa agba): 65,536 agba.
24-bit agba (ezi agba): Agba nke ọ bụla nwere ọkwa 256, yana ngwakọta ha nwere agba 256 * 256 * 256.
Agba 32-bit: Na mgbakwunye na agba 24-bit, a na-eji 8 ibe n'ikwa echekwa data eserese nke oyi akwa mkpuchi ( chanel alpha).
2.3 mbugharị anya na mbugharị dijitalụ:
Mbugharị anya: Weghachite/mpụta ihe ịchọrọ ịgba site na ịhazigharị oghere.Ọ na-edobe pikselụ na ogo onyonyo agbanweghị agbanwe, mana ị nwere ike were onyonyo dị mma.Mbugharị dijitalụ: Enweghị mbugharị n'ezie.Ọ na-ewe naanị site na foto mbụ wee banye na ya. Ihe ị na-ahụ na ihuenyo LCD na-abawanye, mana ogo foto adịghị emeziwanye nke ọma, na pikselụ dị ala karịa pikselụ kacha nke igwefoto gị nwere ike gbaa.The picture àgwà bụ isi erughị eru, ma ọ nwere ike inye ụfọdụ mma.
2.4 Usoro mkpakọ onyonyo:
JPEG/M-JPEG
H.261/H.263
MPEG
H.264
2.5 Mkpọtụ foto:
Ọ na-ezo aka na mkpọtụ na nnyonye anya na onyonyo a wee pụta dị ka ụda agba edobere na onyonyo a.
2.6 Ntuzi ọcha na akpaaka:
N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe: mweghachi nke ihe ọcha site na igwefoto.Echiche ndị metụtara: okpomọkụ agba.
2.7 Nlele akụkụ:
O nwere otu ụkpụrụ ahụ dị ka eserese nke anya mmadụ, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe ngosi ihe ngosi.
2.8 Nchekwa onwe:
Enwere ike kewaa autofocus ụzọ abụọ: otu na-agbado autofocus dabere na anya dị n'etiti oghere na isiokwu ahụ, nke ọzọ bụ nchọpụta autofocus dabere na onyonyo doro anya na ihuenyo na-elekwasị anya ( nkọ algọridim).
Mara: mbugharị bụ ime ka ihe dị anya nso.A na-elekwasị anya bụ ime ka onyinyo ahụ doo anya.
2.9 ikpughe onwe ya na Gamma:
Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke oghere na shutter.Aperture, shutter ọsọ, ISO.Gamma bụ usoro nzaghachi nke anya mmadụ na nchapụta.
III.Ọdịdị igwefoto ndị ọzọ